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Progressive Miners of America : ウィキペディア英語版 | Progressive Miners of America
The Progressive Miners of America (PMA, later renamed the Progressive Mine Workers of America, PMWA) was a coal miners' union organized in 1932 in downstate Illinois. It was formed after United Mine Workers President John L. Lewis, sided with coal operators and subverted a contract referendum which would have reduced wages. The union was dissolved in 1999, after decades of discontent by members. == Formation ==
John L. Lewis's subverted contract referendum would have reduced a miner's daily wage from $6.10 to $5.00. In protest at the wage reduction, miners organized mass pickets in a number of coal towns in Central Illinois. On August 24, a mass march was organized to win the support of workers in the southern part of the state. The huge caravan was met by scores of deputies and thugs at Mulkeytown, Illinois. Vehicles were upended and workers were shot at and beaten. Eight days later, delegates representing tens of thousands of miners assembled in Gillespie, Illinois. They voted to break from the UMWA and form a new union, the Progressive Miners of America.
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